America last: How Trump followed the world in grounding Boeing’s plane


Southwest Boeing 737 Max 8

The decision to ground Boeing’s 737 MAX airliners resulted in criticism by Democratic lawmakers as days overdue, but which some in the aviation industry called abrupt and haphazard. | Joe Raedle/Getty Images

transportation

The U.S. found itself leading from behind as other countries made the call to take the 737 MAX out of service following two fatal crashes.

The Trump administration stood firm behind Boeing and its troubled 737 MAX — until it didn’t.

For two days, the nation’s top transportation safety regulators didn’t sway from their decision to let Boeing’s money-making workhorse continue carrying passengers across the U.S., even as governments including China, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, the European Union and finally Canada declared it too dangerous to fly. Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao rode in a 737 MAX back to Washington, D.C. from Austin on Tuesday. President Donald Trump kept his silence, aside from griping on Twitter that planes are becoming too complicated for pilots to handle.

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Then Trump reversed course Wednesday afternoon — preempting his own aviation regulators and appearing to surprise at least one airline with an announcement that all 737 MAX planes operating in the U.S. would be grounded immediately, and indefinitely.

Acting Federal Aviation Administration chief Dan Elwell took responsibility for the decision, saying it was reached after having received “refined satellite data” Wednesday morning about Sunday’s crash of an Ethiopian Airlines 737 MAX jet, showing striking similarities with an October disaster in which an Indonesian plane of the same model had mysteriously plunged from the sky. The data was from a satellite that tracks information broadcast by commercial planes, including the aircraft’s location, height, speed and direction.

The data had to be refined because an initial, “very rough” data set from the Ethiopian plane appeared unreliable because it did not resemble the “credible movements of an aircraft.”

“Since this accident occurred, we were resolute in our position that we would not take action until we had data to support taking action,” Elwell said on a call with reporters. “That data coalesced today, and we made the call.”

A senior administration official said the data had arrived at 10:30 a.m., prompting the FAA and the Department of Transportation to meet at 1 p.m. and Chao to call Trump at 1:30 with the decision to ground the planes.

But it wasn’t immediately clear what the FAA knew Wednesday afternoon that it couldn’t have known earlier in the day, when Canada barred the 737 MAX from its airspace — also citing newly available data about the flights — or on Tuesday, when the EU and other U.S. allies made the same call.

The result was a decision that Democratic lawmakers criticized as days overdue, but which some in the aviation industry called abrupt and haphazard. And as always in this administration, the president was heavily invested in the issue — in contrast to the way then-President Barack Obama allowed his Transportation secretary, Ray LaHood, to announce the grounding of Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner jets in 2013 amid a spate of electrical fires.

Trump, a long-time owner of a Boeing 757, had spoken by phone about the crisis on Tuesday with company CEO Dennis Muilenburg, who has previously dined with the president and met with him at Mar-a-Lago. Trump has also expressed strong opinions about the state of U.S. air travel and the FAA, sometimes citing his personal pilot as a “real expert” on topics like an ongoing upgrade to satellite-based navigation.

The fact that Trump made Wednesday’s announcement, stepping in front of an FAA statement that came out shortly after, was surprising to some who have been involved with similar situations. Trump made the remarks during a planned briefing on drug trafficking at the border — breaking the news that guaranteed himself a spot at the top of Wednesday’s newscasts.

“It’s highly, highly unusual and can be seen as working against the safety first imperative of the FAA,” said John Porcari, who was a deputy DOT secretary under Obama.

Trump’s description of Boeing as “a great, great company with a track record that is so phenomenal” also caught some people off guard, he said.

“It’s essential and always has been to separate the safety aspects of aviation that are part of the FAA from the trade promotion and economic development aspects,” Porcari said.

Southwest Airlines, the nation’s biggest user of 737 MAX jets, initially expressed puzzlement about Trump’s announcement, posting a statement — later taken down — that said only that it was “aware of media reports” about the planes being grounded. The company said it was “seeking confirmation and additional guidance from the FAA.”

One aviation industry group, the Flight Safety Foundation, complained that the global wave of 737 MAX groundings was rushed and disorganized. “This globally haphazard approach to an important airworthiness issue was most unfortunate,” the organization said in a statement, adding that “global aviation safety is best served by timely, harmonized decisions based on facts and evidence, not conjecture, politics, or media pressure.”

It was a sharp contrast to the typical way such decisions have been made in the past, in which countries would follow the lead of the agency that had certified the aircraft in question. In this case, that would be the FAA, which has historically been seen as the gold standard among aviation safety regulators.

Trump insisted in his remarks Wednesday from the Roosevelt Room that the U.S. had been deliberative and had consulted with all the necessary parties, including its close neighbor Canada.

“We were coordinating with Canada. We were giving them information, they were giving us information,” Trump said. He added: “Speaking to the airlines, we all agreed it was the right decision to be made.”

Nancy Cook and Sam Mintz contributed to this report.

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Two CNN reporters wore matching green jackets, and of course they got green screened

2016%252f09%252f16%252fe5%252fhttpsd2mhye01h4nj2n.cloudfront.netmediazgkymde1lzew.e9fc9.jpg%252f90x90By Heather Dockray

I love a good matching outfit — and so, too, does Twitter.

On Wednesday, two CNN correspondents looked like twins when they wore seemingly identical green jackets on air. On their own, the matching jackets might inspire a “ha” or even a “hahaha.” But because green coats are so easy to manipulated thanks to green screen technology, things got weirder. 

Look at what The Daily’s Show Matt Negrin did to this beautiful, otherwise transitory, viral moment. This rendition of the “Big Enough” meme may never be topped. 

do not wear green on TV and if you’re going to wear green on TV do not wear it next to SOMEONE ELSE WEARING THE SAME GREEN THING ON TV OR THIS WILL HAPPEN TO YOU pic.twitter.com/y9vsX7qgWB

— Matt RATIO HOWARD SCHULTZ ON EVERY TWEET Negrin (@MattNegrin) March 13, 2019

SEE ALSO: Turns out barely any Americans can correctly identify Mike Pence

Correspondents Kara Scannell and Pamela Brown were clearly aware of the situation.

Let this be a warning to all of you broadcast journalists: Do not wear matching winter jackets if you do not want to be made into a lighthearted meme. Do not wear green.

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Google announces Android Q beta for Pixel 1, 2, and 3

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What could the Q in Android Q stand for?
What could the Q in Android Q stand for?

Image: google

2017%252f10%252f24%252f21%252fraymondwong3profile.34d72.jpg%252f90x90By Raymond Wong

The next version of Android is here… sorta.

Like clockwork, Google’s released the first beta version of its mobile operating system, Android Q, for developers. The new version of Android is available to download for all Google Pixel owners — that’s for Pixel 1, 2, and 3 — and includes a number of updates ranging from improved security to with the most notable being support for foldable devices.

SEE ALSO: Crappy in-display fingerprint readers are ruining new phones

One of the biggest issues facing foldable devices is how Android will adapt to the various modes when folded and unfolded. Different devices will have have different display configurations and it’s important Android can morph appropriately.

Google says Android Q comes with several optimizations to help better display apps on foldable devices and large screens. An updated Android Emulator also lets developers start testing their apps for foldable displays even without a foldable device on hand.

Two apps running on a foldable device, which appears to be the Samsung Galaxy Fold.

Two apps running on a foldable device, which appears to be the Samsung Galaxy Fold.

Image: google

Portrait photos are all the rage these days, and in Android Q, Google’s taking them to another level with a feature called “dynamic depth.”

Using the depth map data collected from a camera, which include information for an isolated background and foreground, Google says apps will be able to create “specialized blurs and bokeh options.”

This is pretty neat and resembles what you can simulate with an app like Focos, which lets you change the shape of the bokeh from a circle to, say, a star, or triangle, or heart.

Android Q's new Sharing Shortcut.

Android Q’s new Sharing Shortcut.

Image: Google

Android Q also makes sharing content faster. There’s a new Sharing Shortcuts feature that “let users jump directly into another app to share content.”

There’s also a host of other less visible under-the-hood updates to Android Q including a new settings panel that can be activated from within certain apps. For example, Chrome could show shortcut buttons for adjusting settings like WiFi, airplane mode, and data without you needing to go into the Settings app.

New Wifi modes have been added to benefit certain applications like gaming. Google says users will be able to toggle on a “low latency mode” which would be beneficial for “real-time-gaming” and “active voice calls.”

Android Q also comes with hardened privacy protections that’ll give users more control over when apps access their location; you can choose to only let an app access your location when it’s in use as opposed to always or never. Similarly, there are better controls to keep tabs on what files (i.e. photos, videos, audio, etc.) apps are requesting access to.

There’s a ton more of screw tightening in Android Q, including support for a AV1 video codec that aims to improve high-res video while using less bandwidth, improved Vulkan support for better game graphics, and faster ART runtimes for speedier startups in various apps. You can read about all of the updates in the first beta for Android Q on the Android Developers Blog.

There are two ways to test Android Q on your Pixel, and both are pretty easy. The first is to enroll your Pixel in the Android beta program and get the update pushed to it over the air. If you’re more experienced, you can also download the Android system image files from Google here and flash them on yourself.

Android Q is a beta and as such, it’s likely buggy. As always, update at your own risk. We advise updating a device that isn’t your primary one to prevent any potential data loss if you’re eager to try Android Q.

Now, for the most important question: What does the Q in Android Q stand for? Quiche, maybe?

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Lakers News: LeBron James Admits LA’s Playoff Odds Are ‘Slim to None’

CHICAGO, IL - MARCH 12:  LeBron James #23 of the Los Angeles Lakers looks on against the Chicago Bulls on March 12, 2019 at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and or using this photograph, user is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement.  Mandatory Copyright Notice: Copyright 2019 NBAE (Photo by Nathaniel S. Butler/NBAE via Getty Images)

Nathaniel S. Butler/Getty Images

LeBron James has accomplished superhuman feats on the basketball court, but even he can’t bend reality in favor of his Los Angeles Lakers with 15 games remaining in the regular season. 

The Lakers are 31-36 and 6.5 games behind the Utah Jazz for the final playoff spot in the Western Conference. Speaking to ESPN.com’s Dave McMenamin on Tuesday, James admitted to seeing what everybody else watching the NBA is seeing.

“It looks like our chances are slim to none after each and every game, and so many teams in the West are playing well,” he said. “So you try to get better, but this won’t be the last time I’ll be in the postseason.”

With the Lakers set to miss the postseason, James’ streak of appearing in eight consecutive NBA Finals will come to an end. 

“Obviously, I would love for the team to be in the postseason,” James told McMenamin. “Even if I’m not part of it, the postseason I’ve always loved. But right now, it’s not the hand I was dealt, so you play the hand that you were dealt until the dealer shuffles the cards and you’re dealt another hand and can do that.”

Over half of the Lakers’ remaining games are against teams who would be in the playoffs should the season end today. James noted that, while this season won’t end the way he wants, competing against playoff teams down the stretch will be “very key” for the development of the young guys on the roster around him.

“They’ll get an opportunity to learn, and I get an opportunity to play with them, so we can take that out of it for sure,” James added.

While James is looking to make the most of the rest of his first season in L.A., the Lakers have taken steps toward shutting it down. James has been placed on a minutes restriction, per Chris B. Haynes of Yahoo Sports. Second-year point guard Lonzo Ball will not return this season from a sprained ankle suffered on Jan. 19, and the season is also over for third-year swingman Brandon Ingram.

On Monday, James told Tim Reynolds of the Associated Press that he “knew what [he] was getting [himself] into” when he decided to sign with the Lakers last summer on a four-year, $154 million contract. 

It’s possible that in hindsight, James having this offseason to rest for the first time since 2005 will prove fruitful for the Lakers. James is finishing his 16th season in the NBA and will turn 35 in December. The rest will be especially welcomed following a season in which James missed 17 straight games with a groin injury.

With the break this summer, James can begin constructing a winning roster around him—whether that means finally pulling off a trade for Anthony Davis or making a major splash in free agency with the likes of Kevin Durant, Klay Thompson, Kawhi Leonard, Kyrie Irving and more possibly set to hit the market.

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‘Abject failure’: California suspends death penalty

Governor Gavin Newsom has imposed a moratorium on carrying out the death penalty in California, granting a reprieve to 737 condemned inmates – the largest death row population in the United States.

“The death penalty has been an abject failure. It discriminates based on the colour of your skin or how much money you make,” he told a news conference on Wednesday.

“It’s ineffective, irreversible, and immoral. It goes against the very values that we stand for, which is why California is putting a stop to this failed system.”

Newsom also withdrew the lethal injection regulations that death penalty opponents already have tied up in courts and announced the closure of a new execution chamber at San Quentin State Prison that was never used.

Newsom, a Democrat who took office in January, has been a staunch opponent of the death penalty, last carried out in California in 2006.

The death penalty has been an abject failure. It discriminates based on the color of your skin or how much money you make. It’s ineffective, irreversible, and immoral. It goes against the very values that we stand for — which is why CA is putting a stop to this failed system.

— Gavin Newsom (@GavinNewsom) March 13, 2019

Newsom said his views on the death penalty were first shaped 40 years ago when he learned of his grandfather’s and father’s advocacy for a wrongfully convicted man.

“I was a young man learning that life story,” he said after signing the order. “I’ve gotten a sense over a course of many, many years over the disparities in our criminal justice system.”

“It’s a very emotional place that I stand,” Newsom told reporters. “This is about who I am as a human being, this is about what I can or cannot do; to me, this was the right thing to do.

US President Donald Trump denounced the decision and said it didn’t have the support of voters.

Defying voters, the Governor of California will halt all death penalty executions of 737 stone cold killers. Friends and families of the always forgotten VICTIMS are not thrilled, and neither am I!

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) March 13, 2019

Claire Finkelstein from the University of Pennsylvania told Al Jazeera that the California governor acted on the basis of two concerns: racial disparity in the administration of the death penalty, and innocence.

“A study was done a number of years ago in Georgia, which showed that there was a very strong correlation between the race of the victim and discrimination, so that if you were black and your victim was white, you had up to 11 times greater chance of receiving death penalty than the other way around,” said Finkelstein. 

Largest death row population

California has not executed anyone since 2006, when Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger was governor. Though voters in 2016 narrowly approved a ballot measure to speed up the punishment, no condemned inmate faced imminent execution.

Since California’s last execution, its death row population has grown to house one of every four condemned inmates in the US.

Among the most notorious inmates is Lonnie David Franklin Jr, also known as the “Grim Sleeper,” who was sentenced to death for 10 murders between 1985 and 2007.

Others on death row are Scott Peterson, whose trial for killing his wife Laci riveted the country, and Richard Davis, who kidnapped 12-year-old Polly Klaas during a slumber party and strangled her.

US Senator Kamala Harris, who is seeking the Democratic presidential nomination, applauded Newsom’s decision.

“As a career law enforcement official, I have opposed the death penalty because it is immoral, discriminatory, ineffective, and a gross misuse of taxpayer dollars,” she said in a statement.

While the governor’s move is certain to be challenged in court, aides say his power to grant reprieves is written into the state’s constitution.

Human Rights Watch said that, with the governor’s decision, California continues a trend in the US of moving away from putting people to death.

The state joins Colorado, Oregon, and Pennsylvania, which have similar bans, and 20 states that have abolished the death penalty, it said.

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Trump grounds Boeing 737 Max planes after fatal crashes

Boeing's 737 Max 8 and 9 airplanes are grounded in the U.S. and elsewhere.
Boeing’s 737 Max 8 and 9 airplanes are grounded in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Image: JASON REDMOND/AFP/Getty Images

2016%252f10%252f18%252f6f%252f2016101865slbw.6b8ca.6b5d9.jpg%252f90x90By Sasha Lekach

A fatal Ethiopian Airlines crash this weekend has prompted President Donald Trump to ground all U.S. airplanes of a similar model.

Boeing launched an investigation on Tuesday after an Ethiopian Airlines plane crashed shortly after takeoff on Sunday. The aircraft — a Boeing 737 Max 8 — was  the same model involved in the fatal Lion Air crash in Indonesia in October.

President Trump at a White House panel made the announcement about grounding both Boeing 737  Max 8 and 9 planes in the U.S.

Cms%252f2019%252f3%252fe7bca479 07b6 fa52%252fthumb%252f00001.jpg%252foriginal.jpg?signature=vhdhopby8yfntmn1vvd3x1dwdmo=&source=https%3a%2f%2fvdist.aws.mashable

SEE ALSO: How to tell if your flight is on a Boeing 737 Max 8 before you book it

Any Boeing 737 Max 8 planes that were in the air during the announcement will be allowed to continue to their destination. Once the aircrafts land, they will be forbidden from flying in U.S. airspace along with other Max 8 and Max 9 aircrafts.

The U.S. is the last of any major developed country to ground the aircrafts. China, Germany, France, Canada, the U.K., and other countries grounded the planes much sooner after the Sunday crash.

A petition circulated Tuesday calling for the Boeing 737 Max 8 crafts to stop flying on Southwest and American flights. A New York Times analysis found U.S. companies Southwest and American airlines are the top carriers that use the planes in its fleets. 

The FAA released a statement shortly after President Trump’s press conference, explaining that the Boeing 737 would be forbidden from being operated  by any U.S. airlines or in any U.S. territory.

The FAA’s statement was markedly different from the one the agency released on Tuesday, when it said it  was reviewing planes and that its review so far provided “no basis to order grounding the aircraft.

Boeing issued a statement immediately following Trump’s announcement, noting its “full confidence in the safety of the 737 Max” but that it supports the decision to temporarily ground its planes.

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Adrian Peterson Confirms He’s Agreed to New 2-Year Contract with Redskins

Washington Redskins running back Adrian Peterson warms up prior to an NFL football game against the New York Giants, Sunday, Dec. 9, 2018, in Landover, Md. (AP Photo/Mark Tenally)

Mark Tenally/Associated Press

Adrian Peterson agreed to re-sign with the Washington Redskins on a new two-year deal Wednesday.

“I am going back to the Redskins,” Peterson told ESPN’s Josina Anderson. “It will be a two-year deal. I feel like we made some good moves to get to where we are trying to go.”

Ian Rapoport of the NFL Network reported the contract is worth $8M over the two years. 

This comes after Albert Breer of Sports Illustrated reported in early March that Washington appeared to be the favorite despite interest in the veteran around the league.

Following injury-plagued 2016 and 2017 campaigns, the seven-time Pro Bowler enjoyed a bounce-back performance in 2018.

Peterson ran for 1,042 yards and seven touchdowns in his first season in the nation’s capital despite not signing with Washington until late August. He also added 208 receiving yards and a touchdown reception as well.

His eighth 1,000-yard season also included a career-high 90-yard run:

That strong season earned Peterson two votes for the 2018 NFL Comeback Player of the Year award, per NFL.com’s David Ely.

After reviving his career, the 33-year-old let it be known to TMZ Sports in February that he would “for sure” be playing in 2019 and that he had plans of playing “maybe two or three more years”:

That echoes what he said back in September when he told ESPN’s John Keim that he envisioned playing for a handful of years still.

“Three to four more years would be ideal,” Peterson told Keim. “Not to say it hasn’t been done before, but not at a high level. So, of course, I plan on playing three to four more years, and I plan on playing those years at a high level as well.”

Peterson backed up his talk last year—but he still has plenty of work to do before he hangs up his pads.

“The best player ever to play is my mindset,” Peterson said of his remaining career goals, per Keim. “Being able to sit back and say I had a great time playing the game I love and I won a world championship and I was the best at my position.”

Peterson (13,318 career rushing yards) continued his ascent up the NFL’s all-time rushing list, ending 2018 in eighth place. He is fewer than 800 yards behind fifth place, giving him a golden opportunity to continue climbing up the leaderboard in Washington. It will be some time, though, before Peterson will ever have a chance to challenge Dallas Cowboys legend Emmitt Smith’s record (18,355).

Per NBC Sports Washington’s Julie Donaldson (h/t colleague JP Finlay), Peterson and Washington were “going back and forth on numbers” in early February. Ultimately, the two sides came to terms on an agreement.

Peterson’s playing days appeared numbered back in 2017, but last season’s resurgence injected new life into his career. Now, the former NFL MVP will look to build on his recent success as he attempts to further cement his legacy.

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Brexit vote: UK parliament rejects ‘no-deal’ option

London, England – With just over two weeks to go until the Brexit deadline, the British Parliament voted on Wednesday to rule out leaving the European Union without a deal.

The government had put forward a motion to rule out no deal on March 29, the current deadline. The motion was amended and MPs narrowly voted in favour of ruling out no deal under all circumstances, with 312 votes in favour and 308 against.

The amendment is not legally binding, and a version of it was passed in January.

The vote does not rule out no deal altogether.

A deal or another alternative needs parliament’s approval, but no deal has been the default position since Article 50 of the EU treaty – setting the rules for leaving the block – was triggered.

MPs also voted down an amendment which resurrected elements of the “Malthouse compromise’ for a “managed no deal”, supported by prominent Brexiters. The amendment also includes a delay to May 22 for preparations.

Similar plans have been rejected by the EU over 18 months of negotiations.

Another major defeat

Today’s vote took place as a result of yet another major defeat for prime minister Theresa May on her Brexit deal on Tuesday, when she lost a second “meaningful vote” by a margin of 149.

Fears that a no deal Brexit could have serious consequences for the UK economy and its citizens in the EU, as well as EU citizens in the UK, have increased since May’s deal was first voted down last January. Small and medium-sized businesses in particular have admitted they’re not ready for a no-deal scenario.

WATCH: UK parliament blocks May’s Brexit deal for second time (2:27)

MPs will be called to cast another vote tomorrow on delaying Brexit.

If that is the outcome, the prime minister will put forward a formal request to the European Union for an extension of Article 50.

Prime minister Theresa May wants to avoid an extension that would oblige the UK to take part in the European Parliament elections starting on May 23 while in the process of exiting the block.

That means the new deadline would have to be before the new assembly’s first sitting on July 2.

Any extension of Article 50 would have to be agreed by all 27 remaining EU member states. The next opportunity to do that will be on March 21-22, when the next European Council convenes.

‘I don’t want a long extension’

The EU has said time and time again that in order to grant the UK an extension, it would need to see a good justification for it and its duration.

“I don’t want a long extension,” said the European Parliament’s lead Brexit spokesman, Guy Verhofstadt, addressing MEPs in Brussels on Wednesday.

“An extension, where we go beyond the European elections, and the European elections will be hijacked by the Brexiters,” said Verhofstadt.

“We will talk only about [Brexit], and not about the real problems, and the real reforms we need in the European Union,” the spokesman added.

Verhofstadt hit out at former UKIP leader and MEP Nigel Farage by saying that a long extension would only give the lead Brexiter a new mandate to “continue to have a salary that he can transfer to his offshore company” while trying “to destroy the European Union from within”.

In response, Farage urged EU leaders to veto the Article 50 extension “so that both you and we can get on with the rest of our lives”.

Michel Barnier, the EU’s chief Brexit negotiator, said after parliament rejected May’s deal that the risk on a no-deal Brexit, whether by plan or by accident, “has never been higher”.

Environment secretary Michael Gove hinted that tomorrow the government may also move to hold a series of indicative votes on Brexit options.

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Every theory you need to remember from ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 4

Beware, for this post is dark and full of spoilers for Game of Thrones Seasons 1-7.

Valar morghulis, friends. You’ve just entered Mashable’s Citadel, where we are Rewatching for the Throne, dissecting Game of Thrones season by season to prepare for the final six episodes beginning on April 14. 

SEE ALSO: Everything to remember from ‘Game of Thrones’ Season 1

Here are all the best Season 4 theories, unanswered questions, unresolved plots, and forgotten tidbits you need to remember before winter comes for the endgame in Season 8.

Who can forge Valyrian steel?

Season 4 opens with Tywin melting down the Stark family Valyrian sword Ice down into two swords for House Lannister (later named Widow’s Wail and Oathkeeper).

This is a subtle reminder that Valyrian steel — the only thing that can kill White Walkers — is not only extremely rare, but also that only a few people in the world know how to re-forge it. Tywin tells Jaime he hired a blacksmith in Volantis, but in the books it’s actually Gendry’s mentor, Tobho Mott, who possesses the rare knowledge and magic needed for this skill.

Since Gendry returned to the show in Season 7, a long-standing theory is that he will use his what he learned from Mott to go a step further than just reworking. The pile of dragonglass being forged in a brief scene from the Season 8 trailer seems to all but confirm that Gendry will forge the first new Valyrian steel weapons since the Doom of Valyria.

And they’ll need it. 

Everything we learned from the White Walker transformation

One of the most important scenes from Season 4 (if not the entire series) is something we never saw in the books: the White Walkers on their home turf.

In the scene where Craster’s last son is sacrificed as a “gift to the gods,” a White Walker takes him to what we can assume is The Lands of Always Winter. It’s the part of the map no humans ever dare go, where the White Walkers hung out for thousands of years since the first Long Night. It’s also probably where they kept Craster’s transformed sons (and any other sacrificed humans) safe, raising them to maturity or until they’re more battle ready.

What this Season 4 scene with the baby at the alter gave us a glimpse into is how the White Walkers aren’t just some mindless evil. They have their own rituals, history, needs, and even culture in a sense. Inarguably, it proved their goal isn’t just the destruction of all humans because, actually, they seem to need humans (alive humans, since the zombie-like wights are different) in order to create more of their own kind. 

This culminated in a fan-favorite theory that the White Walkers’ real goal is to protect themselves from extinction, either due to the return of a threat like the dragons or to a dwindling numbers of human sacrifices to keep their population strong. 

In general, there doesn’t seem to be a lot of White Walkers left. The most we’ve ever seen together is in this Season 4 scene, where twelve stand in the background as the Night King performs the transformation. We’ve never seen any female White Walkers, leading us to believe this transformation process is their only current means of reproduction (read more in our Season 2 round up).

The fact that thirteen White Walkers are present here could have its own significance, but we’ll get to that in our upcoming Season 5 round up.

Many fans think that, despite what we’ve been lead to believe, the White Walkers won’t be defeated in war, but rather with a peace treaty. It’s also most likely what happened the first time they came during the legendary Long Night, striking some sort of agreement with the humans to stay on their side of the Wall in the Lands of Always Winter.

I mean, isn’t that more believable than the legends of The Last Hero or Azhor Ahai, which claim that a single person defeated them in combat? And isn’t it more logical that the creatures who can do ice magic built the Wall themselves, rather than the myth that it was built by humans and giants?

Some even believe that the Night’s Watch was initially created to ensure this peace was maintained between humans and the White Walkers. Which brings us to the legend of the Night’s King.

Who is Melisandre, and how much of her magic is a trick?

After the Season 6 reveal, we know that Melisandre has been using glamour this whole time to cover up the fact that she is centuries old.

But another pivotal scenes happens in Season 4, when she explains to Selyse in the bath tub that, “Most of these powders and potions are lies. Deceptions to make men think they witnessed our Lord’s power. Once they step into his light, they’ll see the lie for what it was – a trick that led them to the truth.”

Who is Melisandre, really?

Who is Melisandre, really?

Image: hbo / helen sloan

Most believe that Melisandre believes in her cause, but can create illusions in the flame that lead people like Stannis to do what she believes they must do. But in general, don’t be quick to trust what any of the Red Priests show other characters in the flame.

As for who Melisandre really is, there’s no solid arguments that would be relevant to the show.

But her age, whether a couple hundred or several hundred years old, means she was alive at the height of the Targaryen dynasty. This could make her one of Dany and Jon’s most vital allies as far understanding their fire magic and dragons — potentially even helping them raise a new dragon from stone.

What did the Three-Eyed Raven mean when he said Bran would fly?

One key phrase that fans keep coming back to is the Three-Eyed Raven’s assertion to Bran that, “You will never walk again. But you will fly.”

Now, this could easily just be meant in a metaphysical sense, with Bran flying through history or even flying as a flock of ravens in one moment during Season 7. But it’s also very like George R. R. Martin to give a phrase like this several meanings.

Has Bran already learned to fly now that he's the Three-Eyed Raven?

Has Bran already learned to fly now that he’s the Three-Eyed Raven?

Image: hbo / helen sloan

Other theories posit that this is predicting Bran warging into a dragon, namely Viserion. Others see this is as confirmation of Bran being the Night King theory, since he’s riding Viserion too.

What will come of the Arya/Hound reunion?

It’s easy to forget, but the Hound was one of the first people on Arya’s kill list. Yet when last they were together, Arya refused his pleas for her to kill him and instead left him to die slowly on a mountain side.

He didn’t die, as we know. Actually, from the looks of the latest Season 8 trailer, he’s now at Winterfell. And so is Arya.

Do we dare hope for a cozy Arya and Hound reunion

Do we dare hope for a cozy Arya and Hound reunion

Image: hbo / helen sloan

What will their reunion look like? Arya’s not one to show mercy to a person on her list. 

But in Season 6, she mentions the Hound twice during her training with the Faceless Men. She claims to hate him, but Jaqen accuses her of lying. Later when the Waif questions her about the Hound, Arya says she didn’t kill him because she’d taken him off her list, and didn’t really want him dead anymore.

The Hound seemed to glow with a sense of pride when Brienne told him that Arya’s become a true warrior in the Season 7 finale. So it’s clear he holds no hard feelings toward her.

Tyrion might not be a Lannister, and is actually a secret Targaryen

A running joke is that just about everyone is a secret Targaryen, from Varys to Craster. But when it comes to Tyrion, there are just way too many sly hints to ignore.

Throughout his Season 4 arc with Tywin, Tywin says every variation of “you are not my son” imaginable. There’s a lot more textual proof that Tyrion’s Season 1 assertion that, “All dwarves are bastards in their father’s eyes,” is literal. He could very well be a bastard of Dany’s father, Mad King Aerys.

Throughout the books, people talk about how King Aerys openly lusted after Joanna Lannister, Tywin’s wife. It is almost certain he had sex with her at least once. Rumor has it that before she married Tywin, Joanna was Aerys’ mistress, and eventually dismissed as the Queen’s  lady-in-waiting for that reason. Then there’s the story of how Aerys took “liberties” with Joanna during the bedding ceremony of her and Tywin’s wedding. 

All of this set the precedent, but the timing wouldn’t make sense, since Joanna was never around Aerys much after that. Until George R. R. Martin made a point in A World of Ice and Fire to state that Joanna attended a celebration in honor of Aerys reign in 272 AC. He publicly made comments on Joanna’s breasts and, later for unknown reasons, Tywin tried to resign as Hand of the King. 

A little under a year later, Tyrion was born. And some can’t help but speculate that his “deformities” were caused by incestuous Targaryen genes.

The Tyrion Targaryen would bring his character full circle

The Tyrion Targaryen would bring his character full circle

Image: hbo / helen sloan

The show only added fuel to the flames in Season 6 when Tyrion had a whole scene with Daenerys’ pissed off dragons, unchaining them. We cannot stress enough how badly this should’ve gone for Tyrion. The fact that they accepted him is some of the best evidence to support that they sensed his Targaryen blood.

The biggest hitch to this theory is that fans aren’t sure why it’d even matter at this point if Tyrion were a Targaryen.

Before Season 7, the speculation is that he’d be the “third head of the dragon,” AKA he’d ride Viserion while Jon would take Rhaegal and Dany would continue to dominate with Drogon. But Viserion is gone now. And there’s not enough bonding time in the world that would make him able to be ridden by Tyrion.

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